Input Device

Input Device:-

Input device is a type of hardware that provides some specific instructions for getting specific output. 

Different Types of Input Device:-

input-device

There are various types of input device are available in the market for examples keyboard, mouse, scanner, light pen, graphics tablet, microphone, touch screen, barcode reader, digital camera, fingerprint scanner or bio-metric scanner, OMR, MICR, stylus etc.
 

Keyboard:-

keyboard

Keyboard is a important input device for a computer. Keyboard is a character user interface. It looks like a type writer. The keyboard consists of variety of keys like letters, numbers, symbol etc. Most of the keyboard's keys are in 'QWERTY' form.

How does a keyboard work?

When a key is pressed by the key, information about its name and location is sent to the microprocessor through its circuit. Then transmits the transmitted information of the microprocessor into the scan code and saves it to its own memory buffer. Then the keyboard send to the BIOS via the port to read it. After BIOS read the scan code sends the signal to the keyboard to remove the scan code from the buffer. Lastly, the BIOS is converted the scan code to ASCII and displays on the monitor screen.

The specialty of the keyboard is as follows-

• By the keyboard we can easily type anything.
• By the function keys (F1-F12) of the keyboard, we can easily do different types of work. These keys are especially needed when writing programs and working in Tally.
• By using keyboard we can use different types of symbol (*,&,^,$,#,@,+,- etc).
• With the help of Caps Lock button we can type capital letter as long as we want without the use of shift key.
• With help of Num Lock button we can do numeric operations.
• We can control the cursor by the arrow keys (←, →, ↑, ↓).
• Almost all the buttons have two functions.
• With help of multimedia keyboard we can control the volume, open mail box, go to home, calculator by the multimedia keys easily.

Types of Keyboard:-

There are various types of keyboard available in the market-Ex. QWERTY keyboard, mechanical keyboard, wireless keyboard, gaming keyboard, multimedia keyboard, virtual keyboard etc.

QWERTY Keyboard:-

QWERTY means this is sequence used in this type of keyboard. This is the most used keyboard in the market. In this type of keyboard's keys are fix up in a particular method.

Mechanical Keyboard:-

This type of keyboard gives us type writer feeling. When we type in this keyboard its create a different type of sound which makes the fun of typing more. The mechanical keyboard uses plastic switch and plastic actuator bar. When key cap is pressed, the spring turns out and touch the aluminium or steel plate and make a full electric circuit to complete the action. Such keyboard have been used for a long time.

Multimedia Keyboard:-

This type of keyboard most popular in the computer world. It's have various type of multimedia buttons by which we can control the volume (increase or decrease), mute the volume, play music, pause music, stop music, open media player, next, previous. Beside it we can also open Mail Box, My Computer, Calculator for doing the daily job in a single tap.

Gaming Keyboard:-

Gaming keyboard are very popular in gaming industry. This is a extra-ordinary keyboard for gamers because it's have many special keys. Such keyboard are designed very beautifully and different color of LED lights are used in this, which makes it excited. I gaming keyboard A, D, S, W keys are marking as arrow keys. A used for left arrow, D used for right arrow, S used for down arrow and W used for up arrow. This type of keyboard are very expensive.

USB Keyboard:-

Currently USB interface keyboards are used in more quantity. There is a USB cable with this type of keyboard that we can connect to any USB port in our computer. But still PS/2 keyboard is used. 

Wireless Keyboard:-

It is a very interesting keyboard because it does not have to connect with the computer. Bluetooth or Wi-Fi technology is used on such keyboard. In its signal range , you can use it somewhat like your position. Its give your workspace a modern appearance. Now time the foldable wireless keyboard can be seen in the market. At little expensive wireless keyboard we can see the integrated touch pad also. This kind of keyboard is made slim.

Virtual Keyboard:-

This is not a physical keyboard. We use this kind of keyboard mostly on a smartphone. Virtual keyboard is software or program. You can use virtual keyboard in your PC like On-Screen-Keyboard. Now time various online platforms gives this facility like we use virtual keyboard while using internet banking. With virtual keyboard we can little bit protect our credential data (username, email id, password etc.) because when we press a key from the regular keyboard, keyloggers can record our keystrokes so that hackers can access your account easily and lastly one of the advantages is that if there is sudden problem occurred with a keyboard, then we can complete our work with help of virtual keyboard.

Keyboard Interface Connector:-

Normally PS/2 port for keyboard is purple color. It has total 6 pins. There are three types of important signals are used on the keyboard interface which are..... (i) Keyboard data, (ii) Ground and (iii) Keyboard clock. This keyboard interface required +5VDC supply.

Input Device

Mouse:-

mouse

With the help of the keyboard, there is a lot of difficulty in working in the windows environment. Mouse is special input device of a computer that allows the user to take the cursor to the screen and work it out as needed. This mouse is placed on a mouse pad and can be moved in different directions. The mouse is quite common to work on the Graphical User Interface (GUI). It is also known as pointing device. It has two buttons and one scrolling wheel. By the buttons we can click something & by wheel can scroll. The mouse can be of different sizes. With the help of mouse we can clicking, pointing and dragging. On the basis of mechanism, mouse are usually divided into two types: (i) Mechanical Mouse, (ii) Optical Mouse.

(i) Mechanical Mouse:-

mechanical-mouse

In this type of mouse consist a metal or hard rubber ball on its down side. When we move the mouse the ball is rolled and sensor inside the mouse detect this movement and move the mouse pointer on monitor in the same direction. This mouse consists of two rollers X and Y axes. These two rollers move horizontally and vertically cursor along the X and Y axes of the screen respectively. So replacing a ball in the middle of the rollers. It is possible to rotate the cursor any direction across the horizontally and vertically. Sometimes in the ball mouse, the rollers becomes dirty, so the mouse does not move in the right direction. For this reason, you have to clean the ball or rollers at regular intervals. This type of mouse uses mechanical sensor. Every time a roller contact touches a similar connection to the mouse then a electrical pulse is produces. These pulse can be positive or negative.
For example, when move the mouse to the right direction flows positive pulse and when move the left direction flows negative pulse. Similarly, when moving upwards the mouse generate positive pulse and when move to downwards generate negative pulse. 

(ii) Optical Mouse:-

The use of optical mouse is increasing day-by-day due to various problems of mechanical mouse. Optical mouse first introduced in 1999. Optical mouse uses a very small camera that can take more than five hundreds photos per second. The mouse has a small red or blue LED (Light Emitting Diodes) that reflects the light on the surfaces and then falls in the CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) sensor inside the mouse. The CMOS sensor sends the signals to the Digital Signal Processor (DSP) to analysis. DSP has ability to detect the image pattern, as a result we can move the mouse pointer to the computer screen as our demand.

Scanner:-

With such devices we can do both scan and print

Image scanner was first discovered in 1957 by Russell A. Kirsch. A scanner is a input device. With this device, any kind of information, such as picture, text, paper which we use as hard copy, can be stored on the computer as a soft copy and we can use them in different purposes, in digital format. This scanner can be connected by to the computer by Firewire cable or USB cable.

Light Pen:-

A light pen is a input device. It has a photo cell at one end and the other end is connected to the computer. This kind of light pen was used with older computers. It is used for various purposes such as data modifying, highlighting text on the screen, graphics designing etc. There is almost no use of light pen at this time.

Input Device

Graphics Tablet:-

graphics-tablet

This is a graphical input device. Using these device, the designers are able to do their drawing or images related tasks accurately on screen. It is connected with the electrical power vibrating sensitivity pen which is called stylus. When the picture is drawing with the pen, every correct position in the pen is caught in the receiver and the location is sent to the computer's micro-processor for processing and the exact instant location of the pen appears on the screen. Graphics tablets are mostly used by artists, designers, engineers, photographers.

Microphone:-

The microphone is often called Mic. Microphone is a audio input device. It is a device  that translates sound into electronic signals. With the help of microphone we can record audio. 

The areas where the microphone is used are given below-

• Recording music
• In concert or function
• Voice recording or recognition
• Telephone uses microphone.

There are various types of microphone are available in the market like dynamic microphone, condenser microphone, ribbon microphone, clip-on microphone etc.

Touch Screen:-

It would not be wrong to say that the touch screen is an input and output device. Because it takes input from the user and simultaneously display the output on the screen.

A touch screen is like a monitor or a display. By touch screen user can interact with mobile phone or computer by their fingers or pen(stylus). On the touch screen we use finger to work just like the mouse on the computer. By the touch screen we can do swipe, drag and drop, tap etc. 

The touch screen is used in different things- smartphone, computer, tablet, ATM machine, GPS system, digital camera, printer, laptop, GYM machine, ticket vending machine and in many others.

Barcode Reader:-

Now we can see black-and-white lines in most of the products, they're called barcodes. In which the sale price of the product and other information is determined, which can be read by Barcode Reader. A barcode reader is a hand-held input device that can read the information contained in the barcode. The short form of barcode reader is BCR. It uses lens or laser light to read the barcode. Today, most of the smartphones have barcode scanning facility. 

Digital Camera:-

Why a digital camera is input device- Because we can capture pictures or videos from the outside world, save it on a computer, laptop and other storage device in the digitize form. Today, smartphones use digital cameras. A digital camera use memory card to store images or videos.

Input Device

Bio-metric Scanner:-

Bio-metric scanners are input device. There are various types of bio-metric scanner are available in the market-like

• Fingerprint Scanner
• Retina Scanner
• Voice Scanner
• Face Scanner

* Fingerprint Scanner:-

Fingerprint scanner is fingerprint recognition input device that identify a person securely. It is very much minimize the risk of fraud because there are many ways to steal passwords but duplicating fingerprints is very difficult almost impossible.

* Retina Scanner:-

With the help of retina scanner identifying a people by his/her retina of their eyes. This is the most secure bio-metric scanner from other bio-metric scanners because it recognize a person by his retina's blood vessel. It is also called iris scan.

* Voice Scanner:-

By a voice scanner identify a person by his/her style of voice. This type of scanner is less secure from other bio-metric scanner because if someone pretends to talk like that, then he or she will be able to access all the data that is open by his voice recognition.

* Face Scanner:-

This type of bio-metric scanner identify a people by his/her face. It is also much safer, like other bio-metric scanners because its identify a person by shape or measurement of face, distance between two eyes, distance from eyes to nose, mouth structure etc. 

OMR (Optical Mark Reader):-

A OMR is a input device. With its help, identified marks or spots which is drawn by hand. This device are used in evaluation of the answer sheets in different tests, where there is multiple choice questions. 

Joystick:-

Joystick also is a input device. Normally most of the cases joystick are used in video games. It's have a stick or some buttons to do specific work. Various types of input data is provided by turn the stick on the right, left, the front or the rear all the way, and accordingly, different tasks can be controlled. Joysticks are also used to control different types of heavy machines and cranes.

Card Reader:-

Card reader is a input device because it reads data from memory card. We can use card reader in our computer, laptop and in various types of devices. It can be connect to USB (Universal Serial Bus) port. Today, most of the smartphone support OTG (On-The-Go) by which we can also use card reader or pen drive.

Stylus:-

Stylus is a input device. Its look like a pen which is used to draw something, writing in graphics tablet or touch screen. In touch screen we can do our job with our fingers but with the help of stylus we can draw something accurately in graphics tablet.  

Hope this helps!
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